What Does ‘Focal Length’ Mean in Photography?
Focal length is a term used to describe the distance from the center of a camera lens to the sensor when the lens is focused on a subject at infinity. This measurement is important because it determines the angle of view of the images captured by the camera – how much of the scene will be visible – and how magnified the subjects will appear. Here’s a simple breakdown:
- Shorter focal lengths (smaller numbers, e.g., 18mm) provide a wider angle of view. This is great for capturing landscapes or large groups of people.
- Longer focal lengths (larger numbers, e.g., 100mm) offer a narrower angle of view. They make distant objects appear closer, suitable for wildlife or sports photography.
How Does Focal Length Affect a Photograph?
The choice of focal length has a profound impact on the composition and perspective of a photograph. For example:
- Wide-angle lenses (short focal length) can make scenes look more expansive and are often used in architectural photography to capture the full building within a tight space.
- Telephoto lenses (long focal length) compress distances and make the subjects look closer together than they actually are, which can be very useful for creating a dramatic effect in portrait photography.
Why is Understanding Focal Length Important?
Knowing how focal length affects your photos will help you choose the right lens for the job. Whether it’s capturing a sprawling landscape or a detailed close-up, understanding this key concept allows you to better decide how to frame your shots and what lens to use to get the desired photographic effect. Remember:
- Experiment with different focal lengths to see how they alter the feel of your images.
- Consider the environment – if you’re in a tight space, a wide-angle lens might be necessary; if you’re far from a subject, a telephoto lens might be the better choice.
